Métis women played an essential role in provisioning the fur trade posts of the Abitibi Inland and western James Bay regions. Métis women from the Abitibi Inland Métis Community are documented hunting, trapping, and snaring a variety of birds and game, including geese, partridges, beaver, martins, and rabbits. Fishing—especially for whitefish—was common too. In addition to hunting, snaring, and fishing, Métis women actively participated in maple sugar production, as well as o

For generations, Métis have been expert all-season travellers of the lands and waters of their Homelands. As Christy Ann Simons recounted in her memoirs of growing up on St. Joseph Island, near Sault Ste. Marie, during the late 1800s, the local Métis community’s craftsmanship and place-based knowledge enabled them to travel freely all year long: “The sailboat was their method of traveling in summer, dog team and snowshoes in winter (homemade sleds and shoes).” For many, incl

Check out our Special Seasonal Colouring Page: Métis Mail Carriers The Upper Great Lakes is known for its snowy winters with high winds, once making it hard for families to stay connected during winter. They often relied upon mail carriers, many of which were Métis, to make long, treacherous winter journeys between communities to stay up to date on events of the day. Dogsleds and snowshoes were standard methods of travel for Métis mail carriers during the winter months. For e

Throughout history, travelling between Métis communities has been an important part of maintaining economic, political, cultural, and kinship connections. While canoes were a common means of transportation throughout the lakes and river systems of the Métis Homeland, they became increasingly dangerous in winter. When lakes began to freeze, canoe routes became difficult or impossible to navigate, and cold temperatures made birch bark canoes brittle. This meant that many Métis

Joseph Turner Jr. was born into the Métis world of the coastal and inland fur trade posts of western James Bay in 1816 and was baptized alongside his siblings, Elizabeth and Philip, at Moose Factory on June 30, 1822. Joseph Turner Jr.’s father, Joseph Sr., had worked at the Hudson’s Bay Company depot at Moose Factory and its connected inland posts since 1799. Like many of the Métis “factory boys” who grew up at the fur trade posts of James Bay, Joseph Sr. had a long career wi

Joseph Turner Sr., a devoted servant of the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), began his career in 1799 at the depot at Moose Factory, a key trading post on the coast of James Bay. Like many HBC employees and “factory boys” of his time, Joseph Sr. spent years traveling between Moose Factory and its connected inland posts, navigating vast distances and forging relationships essential to the fur trade. Joseph Sr. married Emma, a Métis woman whose life was equally defined by resilience